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Fort de Liers
The Fort de Liers is one of twelve forts built as part of the fortifications of Liège in the late 19th century in Belgium. It was built between 1881 and 1884 according to the plans of General Henri Alexis Brialmont. Contrasting with the French forts built in the same era by Raymond Adolphe Séré de Rivières, the fort was built exclusively of unreinforced concrete, a new material, rather than masonry. The fort was heavily bombarded by German artillery in the Battle of Liège. Liers was never upgraded like the other forts of Liège. It is now used as a test site for aircraft engines and is not accessible to the public.
==Description==
The Fort de Liers is located about north of the center of Liège, near Liers. one of the smaller Liège forts, Liers forms an isosceles triangle. A deep by ditch encircles the fort. The principal armament was concentrated in the central massif. The ditches were defended in enfilade by 57mm guns in casemates resembling counterscarp batteries, firing at shot traps at the other end of the ditch.
With the exception of the Fort de Loncin, the Belgian forts made little provision for the daily needs of their wartime garrisons, locating latrines, showers, kitchens and the morgue in the fort's counterscarp, a location that would be untenable in combat. This would have profound effects on the forts' ability to endure a long assault. The service areas were placed directly opposite the barracks, which opened into the ditch in the rear of the fort (i.e., in the face towards Liège), with lesser protection than the two "salient" sides.〔 The Brialmont forts placed a weaker side to the rear to allow for recapture by Belgian forces from the rear, and located the barracks and support facilities on this side, using the rear ditch for light and ventilation of living spaces. In combat heavy shellfire made the rear ditch untenable, and German forces were able to get between the forts and attack them from the rear.〔Donnell, p. 36〕
The Brialmont forts were designed to be protected from shellfire equaling their heaviest guns: 21cm.〔Donnell, p. 52〕 The top of the central massif used of unreinforced concrete, while the caserne walls, judged to be less exposed, used .〔Donnell, p. 12〕 Under fire, the forts were damaged by 21cm fire and could not withstand heavier artillery.〔Donnell, pp. 45-48〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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